2025
Tang, L.; Booppasiri, S.; Sigman, M. E.; Williams, M. R. Evaluating machine learning methods on a large-scale of in-silico fire debris data. Forensic Chemistry (2025) Vol. 44 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2025.100652
2024
Sigman, M.E.; Williams, M.R.; Tang, L.; Booppasiri, S.; Prakash, N., “In silico created fire debris data for Machine learning”. Forensic Chemistry (2024) Vol. 42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2024.100633
Tran, S. C.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Hydrocarbon retention on activated carbon: Preservation of fire debris evidence”. Forensic Chemistry (2024) Vol. 39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2024.100579
2023
Whitehead, F. A.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Analyst and machine learning opinions in fire debris analysis”. Forensic Chemistry (2023) Vol. 35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100517
2022
Akmeemana, A.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Convolutional Neural Network Applications in Fire Debris Classification”. Chemosensors (2022) Vol. 10 (10) 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100377
Whitehead, F. A.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Decision theory and linear sequential unmasking in forensic fire debris analysis: A proposed workflow”. Forensic Chemistry (2022) Vol. 29. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2022.100426
2021
Thurn, N. A.; Wood, T.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Classification of ground-truth fire debris samples using artificial neural networks” Forensic Chemistry (2021) Vol. 23. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2021.100313
Sigman, M. E.; Williams, M. R.; Thurn, N.; Wood, T. “Validation of ground truth fire debris classification by supervised machine learning”, Forensic Chemistry (2021) Vol. 26. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2021.100358
Corbally, M. A.; Williams, M. R.; Chappell, J. N.; Sigman, M. E. “Detecting Chemical Vapor Diffusion through Firefighter Turnout Gear”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health” (2021) Vol. 18(9). http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094833
2020
Sigman, M. E.; Williams, M. R. “Chemometric Applications in Fire Debris Analysis” WIREs Forensic Sci. (2020), https://doi.org/10/1002/wfs2.1368.
2019
Allen, A.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Application of likelihood ratios and optimal decision thresholds in fire debris analysis based on a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model”, Forensic Chemistry (2019) Vol. 16. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2019.100188
Sigman, M. E.; Williams, M. R. “Advances in Fire Debris Analysis”, Separations (2019) Vol. 6(1). http://10.3390/separations6010013
2018
Turner, D. A.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E.; Goodpaster, J. V. “A Comprehensive Study of the Alteration of Ignitable Liquids by Weathering and Microbial Degradation”, Journal of Forensic Sciences (2018) Vol. 63(1), p58-65. http://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13527
Coulson, R.; Williams, M. R.; Allen, A.; Akmeemana, A.; Ni, L.; Sigman, M. E. “Model-effects on likelihood ratios for fire debris analysis”, Forensic Chemistry (2018) Vol. 7, p38-46. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2017.12.008
Thurn, N.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Application of Self-Organizing Maps to the Analysis of Ignitable Liquid and Substrate Pyrolysis Samples”, Separations (2018) Vol. 5(4) http://doi.org/10.3390/separations5040052
Allen, A.; Williams, M. R.; Thurn, N. A.; Sigman, M. E. “Model Distribution Effects on Likelihood Ratios in Fire Debris Analysis”, Separations (2018) Vol. 5(3). http://doi.org/10.3390/separations5030044
2017
Dennis, D. K.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Investigative probabilistic inferences of smokeless powder manufacturers utilizing a Bayesian network”, Forensic Chemistry (2017) Vol. 3, p41-51. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2016.12.001
Akmeemana, A.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Major chemical compounds in the Ignitable Liquids Reference Collection and Substrate databases”, Forensic Chemistry (2017) Vol. 5, p91-108. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2017.07.002
Kindell, J. H.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Biodegradation of representative ignitable liquid components on soil”, Forensic Chemistry (2017) Vol. 6, p19-27. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2017.09.003
2016
Dennis, D. K.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Assessing the evidentiary value of smokeless powder comparisons”, Forensic Sci. International (2016) Vol. 259, p179–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.12.034
Sigman, M. E.; Williams, M. R., “Assessing Evidentiary Value in Fire Debris Analysis by Chemometric and likelihood ratio approaches”, Forensic Sci. International, (2016) Vol. 264, p113 – 121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.051
2015
Zimmerman, H. A.; Meizel-Lambert, C.J.; Schultz, J.J., Sigman, M. E. “Chemical Differentiation of Osseous, Dental and Non-skelatal Materials in Forensic Anthropology using Elemental Analysis”, Science and Justice (2015) Vol. 55, p131 – 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2014.11.003
Lopatka, M.; Sigman, M. E.; Sjerps, M. J.; Williams, M. R.; Vivo-Truyols, G. “Class-conditional feature modeling for ignitable liquid classification with substantial substrate contribution in fire debris analysis”, Forensic Sci. International. (2015) Vol. 252, p177 – 186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.04.035
2014
Waddell, E. E.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M.E. “Progress Toward the Determination of Correct Classification Rates in Fire Debris Analysis II: Utilizing Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA),” J. Forensic Sci. (2014) Vol. 59(4), p927-935. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12417
Waddell, E. E.; Frisch-Daiello, J.; Williams, M.R.; Sigman M.E., “Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Ignitable Liquids”, J. Forensic Sci. (2014) Vol. 59(5), p1198-1204. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12517
Frisch-Daiello, J.; Waddell, E. E.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M.E. * “Application of self-organizing feature maps to analyze the relationships between ignitable liquids and selected mass spectral ions” Forensic Science International (2014) Vol. 236, p84-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.12.026
Zimmerman, H. A.; Schultz, J.J., Sigman, M. E. “Preliminary Validation of Handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (HHXRF) Spectrometry; Distinguishing Osseous and Dental Tissue from Non-Bone Material of Similar Chemical Composition,” J. Forensic Sci. (2014) 60(2), 382 – 390. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12690
2013
Waddell E. E.; Song E. T.; Rinke C. N.; Williams M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Progress Toward the Determination of Correct Classification Rates in Fire Debris Analysis” J. Forensic Sci. (2013) Vol. 58(4), p887-896. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12159
2012
Rinke, C. N.; Williams, M. R.; Brown, C; Baudelet, M.; Richardson, M; Sigman, M. E. “Discriminant analysis in the presence of interferences: Combined application of target factor analysis and a Bayesian soft-classifier,” Analytica Chimica Acta (2012) Vol. 13, p753:19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.07.021
Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E.; Lewis, J.; McHugh-Pitan, K. “Combined Target Factor Analysis and Bayesian Soft-Classification of Interference-Contaminated Samples: Forensic Fire Debris Analysis,” Forensic Sci. Int. (2012) Vol. 222, p373 – 386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.042
2010
Fidler Albo, R. L.; Legron, T.; Gittings, M. J. Elie, M. R.; Holland Saitta, E.; Sigman, M. E.; Geiger, C. L.; Clausen, C. ” Degradation of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) Using Mechanically Alloyed Mg/Pd“ Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. (2010) Vol. 35, p100 – 104. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.200900011
McIntee; E.; Viglino, E.; Rinke, C.; Kumor, S.; Ni, L.; Sigman, M. E. “Comparative Analysis of Automotive Paints by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Nonparametric Permutation Tests,” Spectrochimica Acta, B. (2010) Vol. 65, p542 – 548. http://10.1016/j.sab.2010.04.021
McIntee; E.; Viglino, E.; Rinke, C.; Kumor, S.; Ni, L.; Sigman, M. E. “Nonparametric Permutation Test for Discrimination of Float Glass Samples Based on LIBS Spectra.” Journal of Chemometrics (2010) Vol. 24, p312-319. https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.1308
Weidman, M.; Baudelet, M.; Palanco, S.; Sigman, M.; Dagdigian, P. J.; Richardson, M. “Nd:YAG-CO2 Dual-Pulse Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Organic Films” Optics Express (2010) Vol. 18, p259 – 266. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.000259
2009
Williams, M. R.; Moody, C.; Arceneaux, L.-A.; Rinke, C.; White, K.; Sigman, M.E; “Analysis of black writing ink by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,” Forensic Sci. Int. (2009) Vol. 192, p97 – 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.07.003
Pal, A.; Clark, C. D.; Sigman, M. E. Killinger, D. K. “Differential absorption lidar CO2 laser system for remote sensing of TATP related gases,” Applied Optics (2009) Vol. 48(4), pB145-B150. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.48.00B145
Sigman M. E.; Clark, C. D.; Painter, K.; Milton, C.; Simatos, E.; Frisch, J. L.; McCormick, M.; Bitter, J. L. “Analysis of Oligomeric Peroxides by Tandem Mass Spectrometry” Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. (2009) Vol. 23, p349 – 356. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3879
2008
Stearman, A. M.; Stierlin, E.; Sigman, M. E.; Roubik, D. W.; Dorrien, D. “Stradivarius in the Jungle: Traditional Knowledge and the Use of “Black Beeswax” Among the Yuquí of the Bolivian Amazon” Human Ecology (2008) Vol. 36, p149-159.
Sigman, M. E.; Williams, M. R.; Castelbuono, J. A.; Colca, J. G.; Clark, C. D. “Ignitable Liquid Classification and Identification Using the Summed-Ion Mass Spectrum” Instrumentation Sci. Technol. (2008) Vol. 36, p375 – 393. https://doi.org/10.1080/10739140802151440
Sigman, M. E.; Clark, C. D.; Caiano,T.; Mullen, R. “Analysis of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) and Synthetic Intermediates by ESI-MS, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. (2008) Vol. 22, p84-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3335
2007
Bridge, C. M.; Powell, J.; Steele, K. L.; Sigman,M. E. “Forensic Comparative Glass Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy,” Spectrochimica Acta, B: (2007) Vol. 62, p1419-1425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2007.10.015
Sigman, M. E.; Williams, M. R.; Ivy, R. G. “Individualization of gasoline samples by Covariance Mapping and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry,” Analytical Chemistry (2007) Vol. 79(9), p3462-3468. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac062230n
Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Performance Testing of Commercial Containers for Collection and Storage of Fire Debris Evidence,” Journal of Forensic Science (2007) Vol. 52(3), p579-585. http://10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00435.x
2006
Sigman, M. E.; Clark, C. D.; Fidler, R.; Geiger, C. L.; Clausen, C. A. “Analysis of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) by GC-MS and GC-MS/MS By Electron and Chemical Ionization,” Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. (2006) Vol. 20, p2851-2857. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2678
Bridge, C. M.; Powell, J.; Vomvoris, K. L.; MacInnis, J. M.; Williams, M. R.; Sigman, M. E. “Characterization of Automobile Float Glass with Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS),” Applied Spectroscopy, (2006) Vol. 60(10), p1181-1187. https://doi.org/10.1366/000370206778664572
Sigman, M. E.; Williams, M. R. “Covariance Mapping in the Analysis of Ignitable Liquids by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,” Analytical Chemistry (2006) Vol. 78, p1713 – 1718. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac058040e
Sigman, M. E.; Armstrong, P. “Analysis of Oxidizer Salt Mixtures by ESI-MS,” Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. (2006) Vol. 20, p427-432. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2298
2005
Sigman, M. E.; Clark, C. D. “2D Correlation Spectroscopy Techniques Applied to Ion Trap MS/MS Analysis: Nitroaromatics.” Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom., (2005) Vol. 19, p3731 – 3726. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2247
Sigman, M. E.; Armstrong, P. A.; MacInnis, J. M.; Williams, M. R. “Equilibrium partitioning model applied to RDX-halide adduct formation in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry”. Analytical Chemistry (2005) Vol. 77(22), p7434-7442. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac058037v
Huang, M.; Russo, R.; Fookes, B. G.; Sigman, M. E. “Analysis of Fiber Dyes by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) with Electrospray Ionization: Discriminating Between Dyes with Indistinguishable UV-Visible Absorption Spectra,” J. Forensic Sci. (2005) Vol. 50(3), p526-534.
Williams, M. R.; Fernandes, D.; Bridge, C.; Dorrien, D.; Elliot, S.; Sigman, M. E. “Adsorption Saturation and Chromatographic Distortion Effects on Passive Headspace Sampling with Activated Charcoal in Fire Debris Analysis,” Journal of Forensic Science (2005) Vol. 50(2), p316-325.
2004
Gardner, R. A.; Delcros, J.-G.; Konate, F.; Breitbeil III, F.; Martin, B.; Sigman, M.; Huang, M.; Phanstiel IV, O. * “N1-Substituent Effects in the Selective Delivery of Polyamine-Conjugates into Cells Containing Active Polyamine Transporters,” J. Med. Chem. (2004) Vol. 47(24), p6055-6059.
Huang, M.; Yinon, J,; Sigman, M. E.; “Forensic Identification of Dyes Extracted from Textile Fibers by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS),” J. Forensic Sci. (2004) Vol. 49(2), p238-249.
Gapeev, A., Sigman, M. and Yinon, J. “Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Explosives: RDX Adduct Ions,” Rapid Comm Mass Spectrom. (2003) Vol. 17, p943-948.